Basic English Institute
Summer Time is an invention for giving us another hour of daylight while we are awake.
What is Summer Time ?
It is an invention.
What does the invention give us ?
It gives us another hour of daylight.
How are we ?
We are awake.
During what time does the invention give us another hour of daylight ?
It gives us another hour of daylight while we are awake.
What invention is Summer Time ?
It is an invention for giving us another hour of daylight while we are awake.
In a great number of countries most persons get up and go to bed in the dark in winter.
What do they do ?
They get up and go to bed.
Where do they do it ?
In a great number of countries they do it.
When they do it ?
They do it in the dark in winter.
In summer they still go to bed some hours after it is dark
What do they do ?
They go to bed.
How do they go to bed.
They still go to bed.
How is it ?
It is dark.
When do they still go to bed ?
In summer they still go to bed some hours after it is dark.
But they do not get up till the sun is quite high in the sky.
What do they not do ?
They do not get up.
How high is the sun ?
It is quite high.
Where is it quite high ?
It is quite high in the sky.
Till when do they not get up ?
They do not get up till the sun is quite high in the sky.
This is a great waste of daylight.
What is it ?
It is a great waste of daylight.
Someone had the bright idea that if, in these countries, one got up an hour earlier and went to bed an hour earlier,
one would have another hour of daylight at the end of the day.
When did one get up ?
One got up an hour earlier.
When did one go to bed ?
One went to bed an hour earlier.
Where did one do these ?
In these countries one do [does] these.
What would one have ?
One would have another hour of daylight.
When would one have another hour of daylight ?
One would have another hour of daylight at the end of the day.
In what condition would one have another hour of daylight at the end of the day ?
If, in these countries, one got up an hour earlier and went to bed an hour earlier,
one would have another hour of daylight at the end of the day.
It would give most of those who do work in offices the chance of having some outdoor amusement
when they got away from their work.
What do they do ?
They do work.
Where do they work ?
They do work in offices.
Who would it give ?
It would give most of those.
What persons would it give ?
It would give most of those who do work in offices.
What would it give them ?
It would give them the chance.
What do they have ?
They have some outdoor amusement.
What do they get away from ?
They get away from their work.
When do they have some amusement ?
They have some outdoor amusement when they get away from their work.
What chance would it give them ?
It would give them the chance of having some outdoor amusement when they get away from their work.
The argument was that an increase of daylight would make everyone healthier.
How would it make everyone ?
It would make everyone healthier.
What was it that it would make everyone healthier ?
An increase of daylight would make everyone healthier.
But for most of us, getting up an hour earlier is not a pleasure, . . .
When do we get up ?
We get up an hour earlier.
What is not a pleasure ?
Getting up an earlier is not a pleasure.
For who is getting up an earlier not a pleasure ?
For most of us, getting up an hour earlier is not a pleasure,
... and we are not very ready to go to bed an hour earlier at night.
How ready are we not ?
We are not very ready.
When do we go to bed ?
We go to an hour earlier at night.
What are we not very ready to do ?
We are not very ready to go to bed an hour earlier at night.
We have no desire to make sudden changes in our behavior.
What desire do we have ?
We have no desire.
What changes do we make ?
We make sudden changes.
What do we make sudden changes in ?
We make sudden changes in our behavior.
What do we have no desire to do ?
We have no desire to make sudden changes in our behavior.
The value of Summer Time is that it makes us seem to be getting up
later than we are.
What does it make us seem to be doing ?
It makes us seem to be getting up.
How does it make us seem to be getting up ?
It makes us seem to be getting up later.
What does it make us seem to be getting up later than ?
It makes us seem to be getting up later than we are.
What is the value of Summer Time ?
It is that it makes us seem to be getting up later than we are.
Time is a thing not under our control, . . .
What is it ?
It is a thing not under our control.
. . . but we have control of our watches and clocks
What do we have ?
We have control of our watches and clocks.
... and hours, minutes, and seconds are divisions of time which
we ourselves have made.
What are they ?
They are divisions of time.
What have we ourselves made ?
We ourselves have made divisions of time.
What divisions of time are they ?
They are divisions of time which we ourselves have made.
So we are free to put the hands of the clock forward to an hour later in summer
and to put them back when the winter comes again.
How are we ?
We are free.
What do we put forward ?
We put the hands of the clock forward.
How much do we put them forward.
We put them forward to an hour later.
When do we put them forward to an hour later ?
We put them forward to an hour later in summer.
What comes.
The winter comes.
How does the winter come ?
The winter comes again.
When do we put them back ?
We put them back when the winter comes again.
What are we free to do ?
We are free to put the hands of the clock forward to an hour later in summer
and to put them back when the winter comes again.
When we make the change to Summer Time, we get up at a different time by the sun, . . .
What do we make ?
We make the change to Summer Time.
When do we get up ?
We get up at a different time by the sun.
When do we do it ?
When we make the change to Summer Time, we get up at a different time by the son,
. . . but our clocks say we are getting up at the same time as we did before, . . .
When are we getting up ?
We are getting up at the same time.
When did we do ?
We did before.
At what time are we getting up ?
We are getting up at the same time as we did before.
What do our clocks say ?
They say we are getting up at the same time as we did before.
. . . and that is a help to us.
What is it ?
It is a help to us.
It is an example of how completely most men and women are the servants of language.
What are they ?
They are the servants of language.
How are they the servants of language ?
They are completely the servants of language.
What is it ?
It is an example.
What is it an example of ?
It is an example of how completely they are the servants of language.
If you give the same name to different things, they seem to be the same thing.
What do you give the same name to ?
We give the same name to different things.
What do they seem to be ?
They seem to be the same thing.
In what condition do they seem to be the same thing.
If you give the same name to different things, they seem to be the same thing.
The time for us is what our clocks say it is, . . .
What do our clocks say ?
They say it is.
What is the time for us ?
It is what our clocks say it is.
. . . and we might be less ready to get up in the summer if our clocks were not wrong.
How might we be ?
We might be ready.
How ready might we be ?
We might be less ready.
What might we be less ready to do ?
We might be less ready to get up.
When might we be less ready to get up ?
We might be less ready to get up in the summer.
How were our clocks?
They were not wrong.
In what condition might we be less ready to get up in the summer ?
We might be less ready to get up in the summer if our clocks were not wrong.
Summer Time was not given approval by everyone.
What was not given ?
It was not given approval.
Who was not given approval ?
It was not given approval by everyone.
The chief protests were made by persons who do work on farms, to whom more daylight gives little chance for more play.
What were made ?
The chief protests were made.
Who were they made by ?
They were made by persons.
What do they do ?
They do work on farms.
What does it give ?
It gives little chance for a more play.
What persons does it give little chance for more play to ?
It gives little chance for more play to persons who do work on farms.
What persons were the chief protests made by ?
They were made by persons who do work on farms, to whom daylight gives little chance for more play.
Getting up an hour earlier is worse for them than for most of us.
How are they getting up ?
They are getting up earlier.
What is worse ?
Getting up earlier is worse.
Who is it worse for ?
It is worse for them.
Who is it worse for them than for ?
It is worse for them for most of us.
They get up very early at all times of the year and are out among their cows, pigs, sheep, and goats before you or I are awake.
How early do they get up ?
They get up very early.
When do they get up very early ?
They get up very early at all times of the year.
How are they ?
They are out.
What animals are they out among ?
They are out among their cows, pigs, sheep, and goats.
How are you or I?
You or I are awake.
When are they out among them ?
They are out among them before I or you are awake.
Then they go out to the fields with their ploughs and horses or to do the other work of the farm.
Where do they go out ?
They go out to the fields.
What do they go out to the fields with ?
They go out to the fields with their ploughs and horses.
What do they go out to do ?
They go out to do the other work of the farm.
When the clock is put forward, it makes them get out of bed before the sun is up.
How is the clock put ?
It is put forward.
What is it ?
It is when the clock is put forward.
Where is the sun ?
The sun is up.
When the clock is put forward, what does it make them do ?
It makes them get out of bed before the sun is up.
Most of them go to bed earlier, . . .
How do they go to bed ?
They go to bed earlier.
. . . but some of them do not get enough sleep, because one does not readily go to sleep while there is still sunlight outside.
What do they not get ?
They do not get enough sleep.
What does one not do
One does not go to sleep.
How does one not go to sleep ?
One does not readily go to sleep.
What is there ?
There is sunlight.
Where is there sunlight
There is sunlight outside.
How is there sunlight outside ?
There is still sunlight outside.
During what time does one not readily go to sleep ?
One does not readily go to sleep while there is still sunlight outside.
Why do some of them not get enough sleep ?
Because one does not readily go to sleep while there is still sunlight outside.
The loss of sleep in the summer makes them tired.
What makes them tired ?
The loss of sleep in the summer makes them tired.
This was not the only reason why the men on the farms were against Summer Time.
What was it ?
It was not the only reason.
What were they against ?
They were against Summer Time.
What reason was it not only ?
It was not only reason why the men on the farms were against Summer Time.
They said that it was not natural and that the earlier start might be bad for the animals.
How was it not ?
It was not natural
How might it be ?
It might be bad.
What might it be bad for ?
It might be bad for animals.
What did they say ?
They said that it was not natural and that the earlier start might be bad for the animals.
They said that the cows would give a smaller amount of milk and that some of the animals might have trouble
with their digestion if they suddenly got their food at a different time.
What would they give ?
They would give a smaller amount of milk.
What might they have ?
They might have trouble with their digestion.
What did they get ?
They got their food.
When did they get their food ?
They got their food at a different time.
How did they get their food at a different time ?
They suddenly got their food at a different time.
In what condition might they have trouble with their digestion ?
They might have trouble with their digestion if they suddenly got their food at a different time.
What did they say ?
They said that the cows would give a smaller amount of milk and that some of the animals might have trouble
with their digestion if they suddenly got their food at a different time.
These men were not completely right.
How right were they ?
They were not completely right.
There is frequently trouble on a farm when the clocks are put forward or back, . . .
What is there ?
There is trouble.
How is there trouble ?
There is frequently trouble.
Where is there frequently trouble ?
There is frequently trouble on a farm.
How are they put ?
They are put forward or back.
When is there frequently trouble on a farm ?
There is frequently trouble on a farm when the clocks are put forward or back.
. . . but only for a short time, . . .
How long is it ?
It is for a short time.
How is it for a short time ?
It is only for a short time.
. . . and it is not as great as some said it might be.
How might it be ?
It might be great.
What did some say ?
Some said it might be
How is it not ?
It is not great.
How great is it not ?
It is not as great as some said it might be.
Clearly, Summer Time has less value for persons in the country than it has for men and women in the towns.
What does Summer Time have ?
It has value for persons in the country.
What does it have ?
It has value for men and women in the towns.
What does it have less value for persons in the country than ?
It has less value for them than it has for men and women in the towns.
How does it have less value for persons in the country than it has men and women in the towns ?
Clearly, it has less value for them in the country than it has for them in the towns.
On the other hand, there are very good reasons for making all of us put our clocks forward together.
What do we put forward ?
We put our clocks forward.
How do we put them forward?
We put them forward together.
What makes all of us put our clocks forward together ?
Society makes all of us put out our clocks forward together.
What are there very good reasons for making all of us do ?
There are very good reasons for making all of us to put forward our clocks forward together.
How are there very good reasons for making them do it ?
On the other hand, there are very good reasons for making them do it.
If the time in the country was different to the time in the towns, one might go on a
journey and get to the end of it before one had made a start !
What is it different to ?
It is different to the time in the towns,
What might one go on ?
One might go on a journey.
What might one go to ?
One might get to the end of it.
What had one made ?
One had made a start.
When might one go on a journey and get to the end of it ?
One might go on a journey and get to the end of it before one had made a start.
In what condition might one go on a journey and get to the end of it before one had made a start ?
If the time in the country was different to the time in the towns, one might go on a journey
and get to the end of it before one had made a start.
The change to and from Summer Time is made in the early hours of the morning, . . .
What is made in the early hours of the morning ?
The change to and from Summer Time is made in the early hours of the morning.
. . . but most persons put their watches and clocks back or forward before they go to bed that night.
What do they put back or forward ?
They put their watches and clocks back or forward.
What do they do ?
They go to bed.
When do they go to bed ?
They go to bed that night.
When do they put their watches and clocks back or forward ?
They do it before they go to bed that night.
Then, when they get up, they see the right time.
What do they see ?
They see the right time.
What do they do ?
They get up.
When do they see the right time ?
They see the right time when they get up.
Naturally, when the clocks go forward the first morning is the worst, . . .
What do they do ?
They go forward.
How is it ?
It is the worst.
When is the first morning the worst ?
When the clocks go forward it is the worst.
. . . and when they go back the first morning is the best, because everyone who
did not go to bed later the night before gets another hour of sleep.
What do they do ?
They go back.
How is it ?
It is the best.
When is the first morning the best ?
When the clocks go back it is the best.
What and when did everyone not do ?
Everyone did not go to bed later the night before.
What person gets another hour of sleep ?
Everyone who did not go to bed later the night before gets another hour of sleep.
Why is the first morning the best when the clocks go back ?
Because everyone who did not go to bed later the night before gets another hour of sleep.
Saburo Terada
Saitama Prefecture